1.7 pratyaksanumanagamah pramanani pratyaksa- direct perception/cognition anumana - (from) inference and logical processes agamah - (textual, scriptural, inspired, revealed) authority or testimony, revelations pramanani - valid cognitions; valid means of learning and evaluation
Right perception arises from direct observation, inference, or the words of others. Knowledge embraces personal experience, inference, and insights from the wise.
mithya - mistaken/erroneous jnanam - knowledge; concept; idea a-tad-rupa - not in the nature or form of that (object) pratistham - established; based (on)
Misperception is false knowledge, not based on what actually is. Misunderstanding comes when perception is unclear or tinted.
1.9 sabda-jnanupati vastu-sunyo vikalpah sabda - word; sound jnana - knowledge; concept; idea anupati - arises/following/relying vastu - real object; reality sunyah - devoid; empty vikalpah - concept; conceptual
Conceptualization is based on linguistic knowledge, not contact with real things. Imagination is kindled by hearing words, seeing images, or experiencing feelings.
Deep sleep is a pattern grounded in the perception that nothing exists. Deep sleep allows us to withdraw from conscious awareness.
1.11 anubhuta-visayasampramosah smrtih anu-bhuta - experienced visaya - object (of sensory experience); matters of enjoyment or experience a-sampramosah - non-theft; not being-stolen; not being lost smrtih - memory; remembrance
Remembering is the retention of experiences. Memory is when a previous experience returns to conscious awareness.
1.12 abhyasa-vairagyabhyam tan-nirodhah abhyasa - personal application/practice vairagyabhyam - non-attachment tad - (of) those nirodhah - cessation; dissolution; restraint; suppression; control
Both practice and non reaction are required to still the patterning of consciousness. Consciousness is elevated by Abhyasa (Devoted Practice) and Vairagya (Remembering the Self).
