Sutras 7-11

1.7 pratyaksanumanagamah pramanani
pratyaksa- direct perception/cognition
anumana - (from) inference and logical processes
agamah - (textual, scriptural, inspired, revealed) authority or testimony, revelations
pramanani - valid cognitions; valid means of learning and evaluation

Right perception arises from direct observation, inference, or the words of others.
Knowledge embraces personal experience, inference, and insights from the wise.

1.8 viparyayo mithya-jnanam a-tad-rupa-pratistham
viparyayah - erroneous or wrong knowledge; misperception

mithya - mistaken/erroneous
jnanam - knowledge; concept; idea
a-tad-rupa - not in the nature or form of that (object)
pratistham - established; based (on)

Misperception is false knowledge, not based on what actually is.
Misunderstanding comes when perception is unclear or tinted.

1.9 sabda-jnanupati vastu-sunyo vikalpah
sabda - word; sound
jnana - knowledge; concept; idea
anupati - arises/following/relying
vastu - real object; reality
sunyah - devoid; empty
vikalpah - concept; conceptual

Conceptualization is based on linguistic knowledge, not contact with real things.
Imagination is kindled by hearing words, seeing images, or experiencing feelings. 

1.10 abhava-pratyayalambana vrttir nidra
abhava - absence; negation
pratyaya - content of mind-field
alambana - dependent on; supported by; leaning on
vrttih - mental operation; activity; state; modification
nidra - sleep

Deep sleep is a pattern grounded in the perception that nothing exists.
Deep sleep allows us to withdraw from conscious awareness.

1.11 anubhuta-visayasampramosah smrtih
anu-bhuta - experienced
visaya - object (of sensory experience); matters of enjoyment or experience
a-sampramosah - non-theft; not being-stolen; not being lost
smrtih - memory; remembrance

Remembering is the retention of experiences.
Memory is when a previous experience returns to conscious awareness.

1.12 abhyasa-vairagyabhyam tan-nirodhah
abhyasa - personal application/practice
vairagyabhyam - non-attachment
tad - (of) those
nirodhah - cessation; dissolution; restraint; suppression; control

Both practice and non reaction are required to still the patterning of consciousness.
Consciousness is elevated by Abhyasa (Devoted Practice) and Vairagya (Remembering the Self).